課程內(nèi)容
高中英語(yǔ)《在海里 Unit 3 Under the sea (part 4)）》(選修7)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（V-ing形式）
V-ing 作動(dòng)名詞時(shí)具有名詞的特征，因而在句中用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，有時(shí)它可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，也可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。
Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job.(主語(yǔ)）
Her job is teaching.(表語(yǔ)）
He is fond of playing football.(賓語(yǔ)）
developing countries     (定語(yǔ)）
working  people    （定語(yǔ)）
1.V-ing形式作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的經(jīng)常性的意義。
Going to bed early and getting early is a god habit.
早睡早起是一種好習(xí)慣。
Reading aloud is very important for us to learn English.
(1)v-ing 在It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure+doing 作主語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)。
It is no use crying for the spilt milk.
覆水難收
It's no good waiting here.Let's go home.
在這兒等沒(méi)好處，咱們回家吧。
It is no use your complaining;the company won't do anything about it.
(2)V-ing 形式在“It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile/worth等形容詞+doing"結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。
It is interesting traveling with close friends in summer vocation.
在暑假里和要好的朋友一起去旅游是非常有趣的。
It is worthwhile reading the book again.
很值得再讀一下這本書(shū)。
(3)V-ing 形式在"There is (Was)no+doing"結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。
There is no joking about such matters.
這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。
There is no littering about.
不許亂扔雜物。
There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect.
不可否認(rèn)的是中國(guó)在各個(gè)方面都取得了飛速發(fā)展。
V-ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)
(1)有些動(dòng)詞后面要求跟V-ing作賓語(yǔ)
admit   承認(rèn)        excuse   原諒        postpone   拖延
fancy   想象        practise  練習(xí)        appreciate    欣賞
finish   完成       prevent   防止       avoid   避免
forbid    禁止       propose  建議         consider   考慮
forgive   寬恕        delay   耽擱         imagine  想象
deny     否認(rèn)         resist   抵制         keep   保留
risk  冒險(xiǎn)         dislike  討厭        mind    在意
miss   錯(cuò)過(guò)         suggest   建議        enjoy     喜歡
pardon   原諒        escape  逃避        
?？紗卧~：
admit   承認(rèn)             practise  練習(xí)
appreciate    欣賞       delay   耽擱 
imagine  想象             risk  冒險(xiǎn)
mind    在意               miss   錯(cuò)過(guò)
suggest   建議             enjoy     喜歡
(2)有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
常這樣用的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：
can't stand/help     忍不住
feel like   想欲； give up   放棄；put off 推遲
After hearing the funny story,all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear.
聽(tīng)完了那個(gè)滑稽故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔〈笮α恕?br> Do you feel like taking a walk?
你要不要去散步？
(3)V-ing形式常跟在介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)后做賓語(yǔ)。
be fond of,instead of,look forward to,object to,keep on,see about(安排，采取行動(dòng)），take to(沉溺于）
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待著您下一次的到來(lái)。
Let's see about dinner.
讓我們開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備晚餐吧。
Tom has taken to smoking.
湯姆抽煙已經(jīng)上了癮。
(4)在下列固定短語(yǔ)中，V-ing形式做介詞賓語(yǔ)，in常要省去。
have difficulty(trouble,problem,a hard time,fun,a good time)(in)+V-ing;
be busy(in)+V-ing;
waste time(in)+V-ing;
lose time (in)+V-ing形式
There is no point(in)+V-ing
They had no difficulty(in)finding my address.
他們沒(méi)費(fèi)什么勁就找到了我的家。
The children are busy doing their homework.
孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。
There is no point(in)making the simple experients once again.
再做一次這樣簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)毫無(wú)意義的。
動(dòng)名詞可具有時(shí)態(tài)意義
動(dòng)名詞可以像動(dòng)詞那樣表現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)意義。
一般式(doing)
完成式 （having done)
一般式表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，或表示一般性動(dòng)作，沒(méi)有時(shí)間概念。
完成式表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。
The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.
那位秘書(shū)因沒(méi)有按時(shí)將報(bào)告打印出來(lái)而受責(zé)備。（動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)）
I regret having said some rude words to my brother.
我后悔對(duì)我弟弟說(shuō)了些粗話(huà)。
We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing.
我們不知道他們干過(guò)這種事情。
動(dòng)名詞可具有語(yǔ)態(tài)意義
如果動(dòng)名詞與句中的邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用其被動(dòng)形式
(being done,having been done)
其否定形式是：
not being done,not having been done
People hate being praised for nothing.
人們不喜歡無(wú)緣無(wú)故的贊揚(yáng)。
The problem is far from being solved.
這問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)得到解決。
She didn't mind being left alone at home.
她不介意被一人留在家里。
The little girl cried for not having been forgiven.
這個(gè)小女孩因?yàn)闆](méi)有被原諒而哭了。
1)在want,need,require,deserve等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
Your car needs filling.
你這車(chē)要充氣了。
This city deserves visiting.
這座城市值得光顧一下。
The trees want watering.
這些樹(shù)需要澆水了。
Exercises
1.The thief entered the room without (B).
A noticing      B being noticed      C having noticed      D having been noticed
2.(A)the exam will disappoint your parents.
A Your failing     B Your fail       D You fail    D You to fail
3.While we're developing agriculture and industry,we must prevent the earth (D ).
A from polluting       B polluted     C polluting     D being polluted
4.He apologized for (D).
A he not being able to come
B his being not able to come
C his being able not to come
D him not being able to come
5.When he heard the big noise,Tom stopped (B )and ( )to the window to see what was happening.
A to read;went      B reading;to go     C reading;going      D reading;went
6.I am busy (B )for the entrance examination,so I can't help ( )housework at home.
A preparing;doing      B preparing;to do       C to preparing;doing     D to prepare;to do
7.(D)the same mistake again made his parents very angry.
A His being made     B He has made     C He had making    D His making
8.I don't think it's much good(A)to him.
A writing     B to wirte    C write   D written